Rokeach M. -1973-. The Nature Of Human Values. New York Free [extra Quality] Press -

Rokeach's work was ambitious. He sought to bridge personality, behavioral, and cognitive theories of change to examine how values operate, can be measured, and evolve over time. The book's scope is reflected in its structure, which moves from theoretical foundations to empirical applications, covering:

– Rokeach was not content merely to describe and measure values; he wanted to know whether they could be changed . This section summarizes his theory of cognitive and behavioral change, explains the procedures for inducing and assessing value change, and describes a famous field experiment in which changes in values led to measurable changes in opinion for an entire small city in Washington State.

Drawing heavily on Leon Festinger’s theory of cognitive dissonance, Rokeach demonstrated that if individuals are gently confronted with contradictions within their own value systems—or contradictions between their stated values and actual behaviors—they experience psychological discomfort. To alleviate this discomfort, individuals will often undergo long-term, stable shifts in their value priorities. Rokeach's work was ambitious

This list represents Rokeach's effort to select a set of universally relevant values that could be used to compare individuals and groups across different contexts. He created them from a long list of hundreds of possible values by reviewing literature from the U.S. and other countries.

No seminal work is without its critics. Over five decades, scholars have pointed to several limitations of The Nature of Human Values : This section summarizes his theory of cognitive and

The Nature of Human Values by Milton Rokeach (1973): A Foundational Framework

Terminal values represent the ultimate goals that a person would like to achieve during their lifetime. They are the "destinations" of human existence. A comfortable life (a prosperous life) An exciting life (a stimulating, active life) A sense of accomplishment (lasting contribution) A world at peace (free of war and conflict) A world of beauty (beauty of nature and the arts) Equality (brotherhood, equal opportunity for all) Family security (taking care of loved ones) Freedom (independence, free choice) Happiness (contentedness) Inner harmony (freedom from inner conflict) Mature love (sexual and spiritual intimacy) National security (protection from attack) Pleasure (an enjoyable, leisurely life) Salvation (saved, eternal life) Self-respect (self-esteem) Social recognition (respect, admiration) True friendship (close companionship) Wisdom (a mature understanding of life) 2. Instrumental Values (Modes of Conduct)